Neural mechanisms of memory, from cells and circuits to behaviour.

Models of brain decision networks

Firing response of hippocampal CA1 principal cells during sharp-wave/ripple events in sleep. Top trace, wide-band (1H–5 kHz) local field potential recorded in the pyramidal cell layer. Bottom trace, 140–250 Hz band pass-filtered local field potential highlighting ripple frequency events. Raster plots, spike times of simultaneously recorded CA1 principal cells (one cell per row). Note the firing synchrony during ripple events.

Some of the basal ganglia nuclei with their partner circuits in the thalamus and cerebral cortex.

Circuit mechanisms of dysfunction and development of therapy for brain disorders

Rendered whole brain magnetic resonance image showing which cortical areas have their activities coupled with those in the motor region of the subthalamic nucleus in Parkinson’s disease. Coupling is determined by simultaneous recordings of magnetoencephalographic activity and deep brain recordings in patients with electrodes implanted for deep brain stimulation treatment. Representative deep brain waves are also shown. The effects of drugs and of high frequency stimulation on coupling and deep brain activity can thereby be determined, and provide clues as to how treatments can be improved.